What is good for damaged skin barriers?

Hello. Lately, my skin feels very tight and dry after washing my face. Also, after shaving, it gets even redder and stings.

Sometimes it stings even without applying anything, so I suspect my skin barrier might be damaged... haha.

To be honest, I have absolutely no knowledge of dermatology or cosmetics, so I feel at a loss as to where to begin. Even when I search online, the terminology is too difficult. What are some effective ways for a man like me to improve skin barrier damage?

Do I need any dermatological procedures? Or could you please recommend some basic skincare products I can use at home? It's a hassle to apply different products, so I just use an all-in-one product after washing my face. Haha. I would also appreciate any basic advice, such as ingredients that are good for damaged skin barriers or those to avoid.